Madinah Al-Munawwarah, the luminous city of light, stands as the eternal heart of the Islamic world. It is a city steeped in spirituality and history, holding profound significance for Muslims worldwide. Beyond its well-known reputation as the resting place of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, Madinah conceals numerous untold stories, remarkable events, and hidden gems that continue to awe visitors and residents alike.
In this article, we explore 15 things that most people don’t know about Madinah, diving into its fascinating history, spiritual wonders, and its pivotal role in shaping Islamic culture and knowledge.
1. Madinah: The Place Prophet (SAW) & Sahaba (R.A) Migrated to
Upon the Prophet ﷺ’ arrival in Madinah, the Ansar, the native residents of the city, welcomed him and his companions with open arms. They greeted him with heartfelt words, saying, “We are your helpers, and you are our beloved guest.” Their generosity went beyond words, as they offered their homes, land, and resources to ensure the comfort and well-being of the Prophet ﷺ and the Muhajirun (migrants). This extraordinary display of hospitality not only solidified the bond between the two groups but also laid the foundation for the unity of the Muslim community.
The story of the Sahabah’s arrival in Madinah highlights the hospitality and generosity of the city’s early inhabitants. When the first emigrants from Makkah arrived in Madinah, they initially settled in Al-Usbah, a village just outside the city limits. Owned by the Banu Jahjaba tribe, this area became a sanctuary for the weary travelers who had left everything behind for their faith.
In Al-Usbah, the Sahabah built a masjid, known today as Masjid Al-Usbah, marking the beginning of their new chapter in Madinah. Close to this historic site is the Well of Al-Hajim, a place some believe the Prophet ﷺ and his companions might have used for water. Although its connection to Islamic history remains debated, the site is a poignant reminder of the Sahabah’s sacrifices and Madinah’s warm embrace.
2. Madinah: A Trade and Culture Hub Before Islam
Before the advent of Islam, Madinah (then known as Yathrib) was a bustling city and an important center for trade and commerce. Situated along the caravan routes, it served as a crossroads for merchants from various regions, including the Arabian Peninsula, Persia, and the Levant. The city’s economy thrived on trade in goods such as dates, textiles, and spices, making it a rich cultural melting pot.
In addition to its economic significance, Madinah was also a place where diverse cultures and religions coexisted. The city was home to multiple Arab tribes, as well as Jewish and Christian communities, each contributing to the social and intellectual life of the region. The coexistence of these groups shaped Madinah’s identity, fostering an environment where intercultural exchanges and dialogue were encouraged. This multicultural atmosphere was pivotal in the formation of a united society under the leadership of the Prophet ﷺ, helping to lay the foundations for the early Islamic state.
3. The Hejaz Railway Station That Remains
The Hejaz Railway, inaugurated in 1908, was one of the most ambitious projects of its time. Designed to connect Damascus to Madinah, it revolutionized pilgrimage by providing a faster and safer route to the sacred city. Funded by Muslims across the world, the railway symbolized unity and progress under the Ottoman Caliphate.
However, the railway’s operation was short-lived. The Arab Revolt during World War I led to its destruction, and its tracks and carriages were abandoned in the Hejaz desert. Today, the remnants of this grand project — including decaying train stations and rusting locomotives — serve as a haunting reminder of a bygone era. For visitors, exploring these relics is like stepping back in time to an age when Madinah embraced modernity while preserving its sacred traditions.
4. The Volcanic Eruption Outside Madinah
In 1256 CE, Madinah witnessed one of the most extraordinary natural events in its history — a volcanic eruption that threatened the city. Lava flowed for miles, illuminating the skies so brightly that it was said people in Tayma, over 400 kilometers away, could read at night by its light.
As the lava approached Madinah, it miraculously stopped short of entering the city. Scholars of the time saw this as a fulfillment of the Prophet’s ﷺ prophecy:
“The Hour will not be established until a fire comes out of the land of Hijaz, and it will throw light on the necks of camels at Busra.”
The site where the lava halted remains a source of fascination for geologists and believers alike, showcasing the protection Allah bestowed upon this blessed city.
5. Masjid Al-Mu’arras: Once Was Hidden Resting Place of the Prophet ﷺ
Nestled along the road leading from Makkah to Madinah lies Masjid Al-Mu’arras, an often-overlooked historical site. It was here that the Prophet ﷺ would rest on his journeys, particularly during his return to Madinah after performing Hajj or Umrah.
While the masjid no longer stands, the location still evokes a deep sense of serenity. A tree now marks the site where the Prophet ﷺ paused to pray and reflect. For those tracing the Prophet’s footsteps, visiting Masjid Al-Mu’arras offers a unique glimpse into his personal life and his deep connection with Madinah.
6. The Blessed Valley of Al-Aqeeq
The Valley of Al-Aqeeq, stretching along Madinah’s western side, is steeped in spiritual significance. The Prophet ﷺ once described it as a blessed valley, saying:
“Someone came to me tonight from my Lord while I was in the ‘Aqeeq Valley, and said to me, ‘Offer prayer in this blessed valley.’”
Historically, many of the Prophet’s companions built homes and palaces along its banks, drawn to its lush environment and spiritual blessings. Today, modern developments have transformed parts of the valley, but its historical and religious significance remains a profound reminder of Madinah’s sacred geography.
7. Umm Haram’s House and Her Lasting Legacy
Umm Haram, the maternal aunt of the Prophet ﷺ, played a pivotal role in early Islamic history. Her house, located near Masjid Al-Jumuah, was often visited by the Prophet ﷺ. It was here that he rested before continuing to Masjid Quba.
Although no physical remnants of her home exist today, her legacy lives on. Umm Haram passed away during an expedition to Cyprus and was buried there, becoming one of the first Muslims to be laid to rest outside the Arabian Peninsula. Her devotion and sacrifices symbolize the profound role women played in the spread of Islam.
8. Zamzam Water Outside Masjid Nabawi Mistake
Many visitors to Masjid Nabawi mistakenly believe that the external taps surrounding the mosque provide Zamzam water. However, these taps offer regular drinking water. For Zamzam, one must access designated taps located inside the mosque.
This distinction often surprises visitors, reminding them to seek out the clearly marked Zamzam stations for their share of the blessed water. Understanding this detail enhances the spiritual experience of visiting the mosque.
9. Discovering the Rooftop of Masjid Nabawi
The rooftop of Masjid Nabawi is a hidden treasure that many visitors overlook. With serene views of the mosque’s towering minarets and the iconic green dome, the rooftop provides a tranquil space for reflection and prayer.
Equipped with carpets and access to Zamzam water, the rooftop offers a unique perspective of the mosque, especially during quieter times. For those seeking solace amidst the crowds, this lesser-known space is a spiritual retreat unlike any other.
10. The Library of Masjid Nabawi
The Library of Masjid Nabawi is one of the most significant centers of Islamic knowledge in the world. Located within the premises of Masjid Nabawi, it houses thousands of rare manuscripts, books, and religious texts that have been preserved for centuries. Established to serve scholars, researchers, and visitors, the library reflects Madinah’s long-standing legacy as a hub of Islamic education.
From ancient Quranic scripts to works by renowned Islamic scholars, the library is a treasure trove for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of Islam. Visitors can access digital resources and even participate in organized lectures held within the facility. For those looking to immerse themselves in Islamic history and scholarship, the Library of Masjid Nabawi is an unparalleled experience.
11. The Islamic University of Madinah
Founded in 1961, the Islamic University of Madinah is a prestigious institution renowned for its academic excellence and global outreach. With students from over 170 countries, it embodies the spirit of Islamic unity and brotherhood. The university specializes in Quranic studies, Shariah, Hadith, and Arabic language, attracting students eager to immerse themselves in traditional Islamic sciences.
What sets the university apart is its role in fostering global scholars and leaders who take their knowledge back to their home countries, spreading Islamic teachings worldwide. The campus also features modern facilities, research centers, and a remarkable library, making it a beacon of Islamic education in Madinah.
12. Madinah’s Role in Astronomy
Few know that Madinah has played a significant role in the field of astronomy. Historically, its clear skies made it an ideal location for observing celestial events, aiding scholars in developing Islamic astronomy. The city has been instrumental in determining prayer times, the lunar calendar, and even the qiblah direction for Muslims worldwide.
Today, the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology supports astronomical research in Saudi Arabia, with Madinah being a central point of interest for enthusiasts and scholars alike. Its contributions continue to reflect the harmony between science and faith in Islamic tradition.
13. The Prophet ﷺ’s Camel Route (The Route of Hijrah)
When the Prophet ﷺ migrated to Madinah from Makkah, his route became an enduring legacy. The path taken by his camel, Qaswa, is often referred to as the Prophet’s Camel Route. Each stop along the way is imbued with significance, marking moments of reflection, prayer, and divine blessings.
Visitors can explore parts of this historic route, retracing the Prophet’s footsteps and gaining a deeper understanding of the Hijrah’s spiritual and historical importance. This route is not only a journey through the desert but also through time, connecting modern visitors to the early days of Islam and the profound sacrifices made by the Prophet ﷺ and his companions.
14. Madinah Is Home to Several Significant Other Mosques in the Islamic World
Madinah is home to some of the most important mosques in the Islamic world, each with its own rich history and significance. Apart from Masjid Nabawi, which holds the Prophet ﷺ’s blessed resting place, there are other mosques such as:
- Masjid Quba: The first mosque built in Islam.
- Masjid Al-Jumuah: The site where the first Friday prayer in Islam was held.
- Masjid Al-Qiblatain: Known for the change in the qiblah direction from Jerusalem to Makkah.
- Masjid Al Khandaq: Where the battle of khandaq took place.
- Masjid Sayyidus Shuhada: where the battle of Uhud took place.
These mosques continue to serve as central points of worship and historical landmarks, drawing millions of pilgrims annually.
15. Jewish Tribes Lived in Madinah
Long before the arrival of Islam, Madinah (then known as Yathrib) was home to a vibrant Jewish community. Approximately 20 Jewish tribes, including the notable Banu Nadhir, Banu Qaynuqa, and Banu Qurayzah, inhabited the region. These tribes played a significant role in the area’s economic and cultural life, excelling in trade, agriculture, and scholarship.
The Jewish community contributed to Yathrib’s rich heritage with their traditions and teachings. They even established centers of learning, such as Baytul Midras, where the Torah was studied. When the Prophet ﷺ migrated to Madinah, he engaged with these communities, forging alliances through the Constitution of Madinah, which became a landmark in governance and interfaith cooperation.
